APPLICATIONS OF
TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
IN NEUROANESTHESIA
1. Doppler ultrasound in medicine 2. Cerebral hemodynamics: physical principles and physiological factors 3. Techniques examining cerebral hemodynamics 4. Anesthetics and cerebral hemodynamics 5. TCD: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography 6. History 7. Physical principles of Doppler and spectral analysis .1. The Doppler effect .2. The Doppler equation 8. Examination techniques 8.1. Window search .2. Artery identification .3. Normal values .4. Doppler parameters .5. Cerebral arterial blood flow velocity and cerebral blood flow 9. Transcranial Doppler in Neuroanesthesia 10. Refereneces .1. Publications Basel 1992-1995 .2. General publications
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ABBREVIATIONS
.
ACA anterior cerebral artery BA basilar artery CBF cerebral blood flow CBFV cerebral blood flow velocity CCA common carotid artery CMR cerebral metabolism rate CNS central nervous system CO2 carbon dioxide CPP cerebral perfusion pressure CT computertomography CVR cerebral vascular resistance ICA intra carotid artery ICP intracranial pressure MABP mean arterial blood pressure MCA middle cerebral artery MRI magnetic resonance imaging NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate N2O nitrous oxide OA ophthalmic artery PaCO2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCA posterior cerebral artery PET positron emission tomography PETCO2 end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage SPECT single-photon emission computerized tomography TCD transcranial Doppler VA vertebral artery